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Behavioral Island Syndrome and Its Ecological Drivers in the Mednyi Island Arctic Fox Populationстатья
- Авторы: Goltsmana M.E., Kruchenkova E.P., Doronina L.O.
- Журнал: Biology Bulletin
- Том: -14
- Номер: 3
- Год издания: 2024
- Издательство: M A I K Nauka - Interperiodica
- Местоположение издательства: Russian Federation
- Первая страница: 394
- Последняя страница: 404
- DOI: 10.1134/S2079086424030046
- Аннотация: Abstract—There is a change in many features of biology in reptiles, birds, and mammals (inhabitants of oceanic islands), which is called “island syndrome.” The behavioral aspect of these changes is poorly understood.Based on a 40-year study of the biology of the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) on Mednyi Island, we show that the island arctic foxes changed many behavioral characteristics compared to mainland foxes. They use smaller home ranges, travel shorter daily distances, and have much smaller natal dispersal distances. An increase in the family size of the island arctic foxes and a decrease in litter size lead to an increase in parental and kin investment and increased cooperation between family members. At the same time, the island foxes, to a large extent, lost their fear of humans. These features correspond to the traits of island syndrome. On the other hand, as opposed to what is found in most island populations, the Mednyi Island Arctic foxes exhibit astronger territoriality, apparently in response to an increased risk of infanticide. In addition, unlike the continentalpopulation, a sex-biased dispersal and inheritance of home ranges through the maternal line are clearly pronounced. A departure of males beyond the border of the settlement of sisters can be considered asa mechanism for avoiding inbreeding. A comparison with fox populations (Urocyon littoralis) on the Channel Islands (Southern California) suggests that these features evolved under the influence of specific environmental drivers of Mednyi Island: patchy and highly predictable resource distribution. These same peculiarities of the distribution of resources led to a strengthening of one more driver—“social landscape”—and theemergence of a new behavioral metatrait of the island population—conservatism in a spatial, reproductive, and foraging behavior.
- Добавил в систему: Гольцман Михаил Ефимович